List of Figures

• 1.1. Atmospheric Transmission in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Spectral Region.
• 1.2. OH Emission Lines in the Near-IR Spectral Region.
• 1.3. Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of a Galaxy.
• 1.4. IRAS Two-Colour Diagram for Normal (i.e. Non-AGN) Galaxies.
• 1.5. Variation of the Mean SEDs with Increasing Infrared Luminosity for a 60 $\mu$m Sample of Infrared Galaxies.
• 1.6. Optical Spectral Classification of Infrared Galaxies vs. Infrared Luminosity.
• . $\log F_{\rm fir} / f_{radio}$ vs. $L_{\rm ir}$.
• 1.8. ISOCAM/IRAS Colour-Colour Diagram for Different Types of Galaxies.
• 1.9. Mid-IR Emission of a Starburst Galaxy and of an AGN, compared with ISOCAM LW2 and LW3 Filter Bandpasses at Various Redshifts.
• 1.10. Mid-IR Emission of an Old Stellar Population, compared with ISOCAM LW2 and LW3 Filter Bandpasses at Various Redshifts.
• 1.11. Overlay of ISO Mid-IR (15 $\mu$m) Contour Image of the Antennae Galaxies on the Composite Optical Image Obtained Using HST $V$ and $I$ Images.
• 1.12. ISO LWS Spectra of Six IR Galaxies.
• 2.1. Integrated Galaxy Light and Extragalactic Background Light from the UV to the Sub-mm.
• 2.2. HDF-N as Observed at Mid-Infrared and Optical Wavelengths.
• 2.3. ISO Maps of the HDF-S at 6.7 $\mu$m and 15 $\mu$m.
• 2.4. ISO 15 $\mu$m Differential Source Number Counts.
• 2.5. ISO 175 $\mu$m Integral Source Number Counts.
• 2.6. "Madau Plot" of the Cosmic Star Formation Rate.
• 3.1. ISO Before Launch.
• 3.2. ISO Spacecraft.
• 3.3. ISO Telescope.
• 3.4. ISO Focal Plane.
• 3.5. ISOCAM Instrumental Layout.
• 3.6. ISOCAM Detectors.
• 4.1. Examples of Type-A Glitches.
• 4.2. Example of Type-B Glitch.
• 4.3. Example of Type-C Glitch.
• 4.4. Typical Effects of Glitches on the LW Detector As a Whole.
• 4.5. Different Troublesome Situations in Pixel Time Histories: Glitches.
• 4.6. Different Troublesome Situations in Pixel Time Histories: Sources.
• 4.7. A Screenshot of the IDL Widget-Based Graphical User Interface.
• 4.8. Flow Chart of the Reduction Process of a Typical Dataset.
• 4.9. Flow Chart of Model-Data Fitting of a Pixel Time History.
• 5.1. Location of ELAIS Fields on the Sky.
• 5.2. ELAIS Sky Coverage at 6.7 $\mu$m.
• 5.3. ELAIS Sky Coverage at 15 $\mu$m.
• 5.4. ELAIS Sky Coverage at 90 $\mu$m.
• 5.5. ELAIS Sky Coverage at 175 $\mu$m.
• 6.1. Sky Locations of ELAIS 15 $\mu$m Fields.
• 6.2. ELAIS 15 $\mu$m Sky Coverage.
• 6.3. S1 Field $S/N$ Sky Map.
• 6.4. N3 Field $S/N$ Sky Map.
• 6.5. N1 Field $S/N$ Sky Map.
• 6.6. N2 Field $S/N$ Sky Map.
• 6.7. S1 Field Sky Coverage Map.
• 6.8. N3 Field Sky Coverage Map.
• 6.9. N1 Field Sky Coverage Map.
• 6.10. N2 Field Sky Coverage Map.
• 6.11. Peak / Total Flux Ratio for Theoretical Sky Maps.
• 6.12. Real / Theoretical Peak Flux Ratio Distribution.
• 6.13. Real vs. Theoretical Peak Flux.
• 6.14. Signal Reconstruction as Function of Real Peak Flux.
• 6.15. Total vs. Peak Flux.
• 6.16. Flux Correction applied to Autosimulated Fluxes.
• 6.17. Autosimulated Fluxes vs. Aperture Fluxes
• 6.18. Flux Distribution of ELAIS Sources.
• 6.19. Magnitude Distribution of Optical IDs of 15 $\mu$m Sources.
• 6.20. 15 $\mu$m vs. $R$ Flux-Flux Diagram of Identified Sources.
• 6.21. $R-K$ vs. $R-[15]]$ Colour-Colour Diagram of Identified Sources.
• 6.22. Astrometric Accuracy. Positional Differences Between Injected and Detected Simulated Sources.
• 6.23. Astrometric Accuracy. Total Astrometric Error as Function of $S/N$.
• 6.24. Relative Photometric Error as Function of $S/N$.
• 6.25. Photometric Calibration. Measured vs. Predicted 15 $\mu$m Stellar Fluxes.
• 6.26. Photometric Calibration. Histogram Distribution of Measured / Predicted 15 $\mu$m Stellar Flux Ratio.
• 7.1. WFC Detectors' Layout.
• 7.2. WFC Filters.
• 7.3. Positional Differences Between 15 $\mu$m and Radio Sources and their Optical Identifications.
• 7.4. Magnitude Distribution of Optical Counterparts to 15 $\mu$m and Radio Sources.
• 7.5. Examples of Optical Finding Charts of ELAIS 15 $\mu$m Final Analysis Sources (1/2).
• 7.6. Examples of Optical Finding Charts of ELAIS 15 $\mu$m Final Analysis Sources (2/2).
• 7.7. 175-90-15 $\mu$m Colour-Colour Diagram of ELAIS Galaxies.
• 7.8. 90-15-6.7 $\mu$m Colour-Colour Diagram of ELAIS Galaxies.
• . 90$\mu$m-15$\mu$m-r Colour-Colour Diagram of ELAIS Galaxies.
• 7.10. $g-r-i$ Colour-Colour Diagram for ELAIS Galaxies.
• 7.11. $g-r-i$ Colour-Colour Diagram for ELAIS Star-Like Objects.
• 7.12. 15/r vs. $(U-r)$ for ELAIS Galaxies and AGN.
• . $\log\,(1+z_{ph})$ vs. $\log\,(1+z_{sp})$ for ELAIS Galaxies.
• . $\log\,(1+z_{ph})$ vs. $\log\,(1+z_{sp})$ for ELAIS AGN.
• 7.15. Redshift Distributions of ELAIS Sources.
• 7.16. $L_{ir} - L_{opt}$ vs. $L_{ir}$ for ELAIS Galaxies.
• 7.17. $L_{ir} - L_{opt}$ vs. $L_{ir}$ for ELAIS AGN Dust Tori.
• B.1. IRAS Overview of the Infrared Sky.